-
1 circumnavigation
* * *cir·cum·navi·ga·tion[ˌsɜ:kəmnævɪˈgeɪʃən, AM ˌsɜ:r-]* * *['sɜːkəm"nvI'geISən]nFahrt f (of um); (in yacht also) Umseglung fcircumnavigation of the globe — Fahrt f um die Welt; Weltumseglung f
* * *circumnavigation of the globe Weltumseglung* * *n.Umschiffung f. -
2 Lind, James
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 1716 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 13 July 1794 Gosport, England[br]Scottish physician and naval surgeon whose studies and investigations led to significant improvements in the living conditions on board ships; the author of the first treatise on the nature and prevention of scurvy.[br]Lind was registered in 1731 as an apprentice at the College of Surgeons in Edinburgh. By 1739 he was serving as a naval surgeon in the Mediterranean and during the ensuing decade he experienced conditions at sea off Guinea, the West Indies and in home waters. He returned to Edinburgh, taking his MD in 1748, and in 1750 was elected a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh, becoming the Treasurer in 1757. In 1758 he was appointed Physician to the Naval Hospital at Haslar, Gosport, near Portsmouth, a post which he retained until his death.He had been particularly struck by the devastating consequences of scurvy during Anson's circumnavigation of the globe in 1740. At least 75 per cent of the crews had been affected (though it should be borne in mind that a considerable number of them were pensioners and invalids when posted aboard). Coupled with his own experiences, this led to the publication of A Treatise on the Scurvy, in 1754. Demonstrating that this condition accounted for many more deaths than from all the engagements with the French and Spanish in the current wars, he made it clear that by appropriate measures of diet and hygiene the disease could be entirely eliminated.Further editions of the treatise were published in 1757 and 1775, and the immense importance of his observations was immediately recognized. None the less, it was not until 1795 that an Admiralty order was issued on the supply of lime juice to ships. The efficacy of lime juice had been known for centuries, but it was Lind's observations that led to action, however tardy; that for economic reasons the relatively ineffective West Indian lime juice was supplied was in no way his responsibility. It is of interest that there is no evidence that Captain James Cook (1728–79) had any knowledge of Lind's work when arranging his own anti-scorbutic precautions in preparation for his historic first voyage.Lind's other work included observations on typhus, the proper ventilation of ships at sea, and the distilation of fresh from salt water.[br]Bibliography1754, A Treatise on the Scurvy, Edinburgh.1757, An Essay on the most effectual means of Preserving the Health of Seamen in the Royal Navy, Edinburgh.1767, An Essay on Diseases incidental to Europeans in Hot Climates, Edinburgh.Further ReadingL.Roddis, 1951, James Lind—Founder of Nautical Medicine. Records of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Records of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.MG -
3 circumnavigate
transitive verbumfahren; (by sail) umsegeln* * *[sə:kəm'næviɡeit](to sail round (especially the world).) umschiffen- academic.ru/13040/circumnavigation">circumnavigation* * *cir·cum·navi·gate[ˌsɜ:kəmˈnævɪgeɪt, AM ˌsɜ:r-]vt▪ to \circumnavigate sthto \circumnavigate a cape ein Kap umschiffen* * *["sɜːkəm'nvIgeɪt]vtthe globe umfahren; (in yacht also) umsegeln; cape, island also umschiffen* * *circumnavigate [-ˈnævıɡeıt] v/t umschiffen, umsegeln* * *transitive verbumfahren; (by sail) umsegeln* * *v.umsegeln v. -
4 плавание
ср.
1) swimming плавание на спине ≈ backstroke
2) navigation;
sailing;
voyage, trip судно дальнего плавания ≈ ocean-going ship отправиться/пуститься в плавание ≈ to put out to sea совершать кругосветное плавание ≈ to circumnavigate the globe/world счастливого плавания! ≈ happy sailing! в плавании ≈ afloat кругосветное плавание ≈ circumnavigation годный к плаванию ≈ seaworthy каботажное плавание ≈ coastwise navigation, coasting trade ледовые плавания ≈ Arctic voyages учебное плавание ≈ training voyage ∙ %% большому кораблю большое плавание ≈ a great ship needs deep watersплавани|е - с.
1. swimming;
комплексное ~ спорт. medley swimming;
~ баттерфляем butterfly;
~ брассом breaststroke swimming;
~ вольным стилем free-style swimming;
~ кролем crawl;
~ на боку sidestroke swimming;
~ на спине back-stroke swimming;
~ на лодках boating;
2. (путешествие на судне) voyage, cruise;
кругосветное ~ voyage round the world;
быть в ~и be* at sea;
отправляться в ~ set* out on a voyage;
большому кораблю большое (и) ~ посл. е great ships need deep waters.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > плавание
См. также в других словарях:
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket — … Wikipedia
The Golden Ocean — is a novel written in the 1950s by Patrick O Brian. It tells the story of a novice midshipman, Peter Palafox, who joins Anson s 1740 circumnavigation of the globe. As with O Brian s later Aubrey–Maturin series the book contains a wealth of period … Wikipedia
Circumnavigation — Round the world redirects here. For the airline ticket, see Round the world ticket. Circumnavigation – literally, navigation of a circumference – refers to travelling all the way around an island, a continent, or the entire planet Earth. Contents … Wikipedia
The Voyage of the Beagle — This article is about the book. For the expedition, see Second voyage of HMS Beagle. A watercolour by HMS Beagle s draughtsman, Conrad Martens. Painted during the survey of Tierra del Fuego, it depicts the Beagle being hailed by native Fuegians.… … Wikipedia
Circumnavigation — Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : « circumnavigation », sur le Wiktionnaire (dictionnaire universel) En rouge, la route d une course à la voile classique autour de la terre. La circumnavigatio … Wikipédia en Français
circumnavigation — noun traveling around something (by ship or plane) Magellan s circumnavigation of the earth proved that it is a globe • Derivationally related forms: ↑circumnavigate • Topics: ↑airplane, ↑aeroplane, ↑plane • Hypernyms … Useful english dictionary
The Sunday Times — Infobox Newspaper name = The Sunday Times caption = type = Weekly newspaper format = Broadsheet price = £2.00 £1.90 (Scotland) €2.50 (Rep of Ireland) foundation = 1864 owners = News International political = Centre right headquarters = Wapping,… … Wikipedia
Hispanics in the United States Navy — can trace their tradition of naval military service to the Hispanic sailors, such as Lieutenant Jorge Farragut Mesquida, who have served in the Navy in the American Revolution and have continued to serve in every major war and conflict that the… … Wikipedia
The sunday times (royaume-uni) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir The Sunday Times. The Sunday Times est un journal du dimanche distribué au Royaume Uni et en Irlande, publié par Times Newpaper Ltd. Times Newspaper appartient à The Times. Les deux journaux ont été fondés… … Wikipédia en Français
Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin — 機動戦士ガンダム THE ORIGIN (Kidō Senshi Gandamu The Origin) Genre Military science fiction Manga Written by Yo … Wikipedia
Sunday Times Golden Globe Race — The Sunday Times Golden Globe Race was a non stop, single handed, round the world yacht race, held in 1968 ndash;1969, and was the first round the world yacht race. The race was controversial due to the failure by most competitors to finish the… … Wikipedia
